Pakistan faces’ serious threat of epidemic diseases
Article by brandtrade18
Pakistani Prime Minister said the government was “seriously concerned about the epidemic in the flood hit countries could spread.” Gilani in his speech to prevent large-scale health crisis in high-level talks. In many areas, doctors said that in trying to cope with diseases such as diarrhea and cholera spreading. The United Nations says more than 1.7 billion people were affected in the floods, about 12 million homes were destroyed. At present, the 50-year high in Hyderabad Indus river further spread of fear, is expected to rise more. Mr. Gilani told the meeting of senior doctors, the Ministry of Health officials, United Nations representatives and members of NGOs, Pakistan is undergoing “the worst history of” natural disaster.
“As human suffering continues to increase, we are seriously concerned about the spread of infectious diseases,” he said. “There is water-borne diseases such as possibility of cholera, diarrhea and dysentery, especially in children who have been weak and vulnerable.” Pakistan National Health Manpower said the flood zone in the immediate state of health under control, but this threat has not passed. “Health problems, usually in the flood-affected regions 4-6 weeks, we need to be alert, prepared to deal with this situation,” said Dr. Jahanzeb Orakza. The BBC’s Jill McGivering in Islamabad said that the health of the meeting seems to be a government attempt to improve the people’s growing concern on this critical crisis management coordination. Muzaffargarh in the Punjab area residents told the BBC Asian Network, they are struggling to cope.
“Those who survive get home the food they need. Who lost their homes, they did not get anything, said:” The 11-year-old Mansour Rizman. “They must give these people their homes have been destroyed.” In Nowshera, northeast, west of Islamabad, people living in relief camps are angry treatment. “We were only cooked food, nothing else. All the other [camp officials] received donor – blankets, buckets, bed – they just store it,” 48-year-old Xieerjiani told Reuters. “Worse, we, the thief took away what is in our former house.” Growing needs of In some flood-ravaged areas of the doctors at a loss of health problems, including skin rash, dehydration and diarrhea, our correspondent says. The flooding has caused nearly 1,600 people, but millions are considered at risk of water-borne diseases. United Nations officials in Pakistan described as critical humanitarian situation.
The United Nations of 70 460 million U.S. dollars (
Diabetes – An Epidemic?
Is the world dealing with an epidemic of diabetes?
It’s true that obesity is out of control in the West and consequently the type 2 diabetes numbers are growing rapidly. Left unchecked the figures are not going to get any better.
Between 2001 and 2002, the diagnosis of diabetes went from 5.5 percent of Americans to an alarming 6.5 percent. In just one year!
What are the figures like in 2010? The American Diabetes Association figures are as follows. 23.7 million Americans diagnosed with a further 5.7 million thought to have the disease and do not realize! The worst stat though is that 57 million (yes, that’s right) are pre-diabetic and could develop the disease at any time. Horrendous figures.
Impaired glucose levels due to poor diet are the root cause.
Not knowing is the worst because risks of untreated diabetes puts us at a terrible risk of complications including but not limited to blindness, coma, amputations and ultimately death.
The sad thing is that with some simple lifestyle changes Type 2 can be avoided with some ease. For a start eat less, eat more healthily and start taking some exercise. It only needs to be a brisk walk to start with, but do something. The American obesity figures are damning, if you’re in the bracket do something now, before it’s too late.
Statistically, people are now living longer, and it has been on the rise for years. But this will not continue if type 2 diabetes is not put under control.
We are a massive consumption society and if we don’t change – now – our life expectancy will go into reverse.
And, the problem is spreading. Normally thought of as a “Western” disease, cases are even on the increase in places such as Asia and the Middle East.
Current estimates suggest a vicious 380 million global cases by 2025, proof, if it were needed that this IS an epidemic. And diabetes is now striking earlier as we become more sedentary witnessed by cases in the 40-59 age group recently showing a sharp increase.
Symptoms are the key and we need to raise awareness. If you are feeling a bit down it may not be just a cold, or stress or a bug. If you’re unsure, get checked out.
So, don’t ignore symptoms. Oh and for the record, type 1 can be very sudden indeed. If the onset causes extra stress you may quickly find yourself in diabetic ketoacidosis due to a lack of bodily insulin.
Ketoacidosis symptoms include vomiting and severe dehydration and your blood sugar and potassium levels will be all over the place. Sufferers need urgent medical attention as ultimately this could be fatal.
Less extreme symptoms include hugely increased fatigue more so than you would normally expect.
Diabetics can often suffer extreme weight loss. Now if you’re over weight you may think that is good, but be aware this loss is because as a diabetic your body can’t process food properly. The situation is exasperated by sugar and water loss in the urine.
Extreme thirst is another symptom of diabetes. Diabetes develops high blood sugar levels and the body tries to compensate by diluting the blood, which translates to our brain that we are thirsty.
The increased intake of water leads to more urination. However if you are diabetic the body uses this to get rid of sugar and so increases urination even more, having the knock on effect of dehydrating you further still.
One of the worst side effects is that wounds heal very slowly or not at all in diabetics. This is why there is a tendency to amputations as well as very nasty ulcers.
So, maintain a healthy lifestyle and get checked out if you think you have any of the symptoms outlined above. Eat a proper balanced diet and make sure sugar and things like alcohol are taken in moderation. And…make sure you fit exercise into your routine. If you do this you greatly reduce your chances of suffering from diabetes – you know it makes sense!
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Question by Dethklok: Since being fat has become an epidemic will they soon outlaw junk food?
I’m in shape and i eat junk food. The majority of people who are fat don’t exercise and if i’m punished for their mistakes i’m going to be furious.
Best answer:
Answer by Libby
They won’t outlaw it. But they might add a “sin tax,” like they do on tobacco and liquor.
Add your own answer in the comments!
Categories: Epidemic Exercise Tags: Diabetes, epidemic
John snow and William Farr: Cholera. Epidemic
John snow and William Farr: Cholera. Epidemic
Dr. John Snow is termed as the father of epidemiology. Epidemiology refers to the study of occurrence of diseases in human beings. It entails looking into who is affected, the intent of the disease and reasons of its occurrence. It aims at finding out the causes of disease and establishes measures of preventing and controlling it. Different from physicians who study disease in an individual, epidemiologists concern themselves with the study of a whole population. They usually undergo field study survey as will be illustrated in Dr. Snow’s and Farr’s research on Cholera.
Cholera is a disease characterized by vomiting and diarrhea and even death. In the 19th century its cases were so rampant in England. It is a waterborne disease which has claimed many lives. Using the various collected information, Farr and Dr Snow did survey on cholera cases in a district in London with an intention of establishing solutions to the problem (Morabia, 2001). In 1848 Dr, Snow undertook his first study of the epidemic after it had hit Golden Square in London. Most people in this region used to source their water from a community pump on a street corner. Dr. Snow demonstrated that cholera is water borne, obtained through drinking water. Unfortunately for him, his discovery underwent several criticisms especially the fact that he was not able to establish the organism in water that caused cholera (Eyler, 2001). Several cases of cholera outbreak were again reported in 1854 in England which propelled Dr. Snow to survey the more. This occurred mostly for the residents using Broad Street pump water. He later on established that cholera then was caused by the water from the pump. When the second outbreak of cholera occurred he undertook some experiment and found out that in those two regions of the city which were affected, one of the received contaminated water from sewage and the other received pure water. The results showed that the company which received its water from river Thames did not have problems yet that which got its water from the urban center of London had contaminated water so he called for measures to curb the wide spread of cholera.
Snow established that cholera’s symptoms were not like of other common diseases of the time like small pox. He said that its symptoms started with abdominal pains. He explained then that the cause should have been a substance which corroded the stomach lining and the intestine thus resulting in pain (Eyler, 2001). Cholera was able to respond to such treatment as opium or catechu suggested that the disease was a problem of the gut. This then, showed that the disease entered into the body through swallowing. He compared cholera with other diseases which are communicable like cowpox and establish that since at the entry of cholera into one’s system, there is great multiplication of the morbid material, and then the intestinal discharge was contagious. The consumption of contaminated or food which come in contact with dejects of the affected will infect other people.
When there was another outbreak of cholera, Farr cooperated with Snow. Earlier on he had rejected Snow’s suggestion of cholera being water born disease. He gave him death reports which helped Snow carry out his investigation. In his report he also acknowledged that the sewage water had contributed a lot to the wide spread of cholera. He did not basically agree on Snows theory but instead he added that it was an additional factor to his theory of contaminated air as the cause. Furr went on with his belief that cholera was a disease of the lungs brought about by zymotic material. He argued that the many evaporations from, taps and local reservoirs were the grand reason behind it. Although he said that sewage water was a factor he ruled out the fact that it was consumed by way of mouth. According to Eyler, 2001, Farr suggested that there were several ways that sewage water could get into the body. Snow’s research became Farr’s motivating factor to research the more although he did not accept Snow’s conclusions at that moment he came to appreciate them later on. In 1853, he embarked on investigation to find out the cause of cholera. He requested the General Register Office to give him information on water supply and its mode of purification ever since the previous attack. He finally established that water played a role in the spread of the disease (Morabia, 2004). He assisted Farr in his research by giving him the death registers as a result of water from South London. Farr also went ahead to suggest that the 1853-54 report by Snow be put into consideration by the committee for scientific inquiries.
Farr took keen interest in snow’s work. He was then the Statistical Superintendent of the General Register Office and a member of the Committee of Scientific Inquiries in 1854. He published many reports concerning the cholera pandemic at that time which helped Snow a lot in his research. In his reports he found out that people living in coastal regions were three times affected than those in inland areas, this supported Snow’s theory of water as the cause (Eyler, 2001 p.76). He found out in his research that cholera was inversely related to soil elevation. Just like Snow, Farr also insisted that there was a morbid material just the way it is with small pox in cholera. Different from snow’s idea, he insisted that the disease causing organism was non-living. He said that the spread was through zymotic material found in perspiration, respiration and decomposition. He worked at establishing that the problem was from the community and that it would be possible to be dealt with through proper sanitation. He also argued that the problem would be tackled in mathematical ways. In 1848-49 he supported snow’s idea. He confirmed Snow’s report of sewage water as a cause though with him he insisted that the sewage water had organic material going through decomposition and so that was the cause. Using Thames in London, he argued that the river was giving out contaminated vapor which when inhaled brought about disease (Eyler, 2001).
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Candida Albicans – The Hidden Disease
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Candida Albicans – The Hidden Disease
harry@homeolinks.nl Harry van der Zee is a homeopathic doctor who has practised in the Netherlands since 1987. He is an international teacher and has presented seminars in many European countries as well as the USA, India and Japan. Since 1996 he is editor-in-chief of Homœopathic Links, an international journal for classical homeopathy. He has investigated the importance of the birth experience in homeopathic case-taking and published two books on the subject – Miasms in Labour (2000) and Homeopathy for Birth Trauma (2007). Through this work he has been able to meaningfully connect the homeopathic theory of miasms (hereditary archetypes connected to chronic diseases) with the individuation process, and thus provide a theoretical basis for understanding the role and purpose of individual and collective diseases in the process of human evolution. Since 2004 Harry has been involved in projects in Africa to enhance the homeopathic treatment of AIDS and other epidemics and in 2007 he co-founded the Amma Resonance Healing Foundation, which focuses on treating epidemics, trauma and endemic diseases in developing countries. Regarding a new advancement in treating epidemics he has edited and published Peter Chappell´s book The Second Simillimum (2005), has written and published Amma4Africa Manual – Basic Guide to Treat Epidemic Diseases and Trauma (2009) as also many articles. He has produced documentaries on treating AIDS, Malaria and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Africa and …
Question by mohan n: Explain the Mathematical Application in Epidemic diseases?
with example explain me
Best answer:
Answer by Iain N
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_modelling_in_epidemiology
What do you think? Answer below!
Categories: Epidemiology Tags: Cause, cholera cases, cholera epidemic, cholera outbreak, Cholera., death, epidemic, epidemiology, Farr, John, outbreak of cholera, sewage, snow, water, William, william farr
